Though
it has undergone many changes, the business plan is still around. No
longer limited to the traditional 12-15 page type-written document, a
business plan can be exciting and engaging as well as useful. Many of us
realize that it’s the planning process, and the associated research and
soul searching, that is so valuable. The finished plan is just icing on
the cake.
Just as there are many types of entrepreneurs and
business ideas there are many kinds of business plans. Here are three
that deserve some special attention.
The “Accidental Entrepreneur” Plan:
Believe
it or not, it happens quite often. An impulse, a hobby, or a passing
notion turns into a business without warning. One day you’re handing
your extra back-yard tomatoes or homemade cake to the neighbors, and
before you know it you’re filling out the forms for a booth at the local
farmer’s market. Perhaps you create a unique bit of hand-crafted
jewelry and wear it to school or work, and then find your phone flooded
with messages like, “Where can I get one?” and “I’ll pay you to make one
for me.”
When you’re writing a business plan in a situation like
these, you need to address a few issues the intentional entrepreneur has
already pondered. The first is do you really want this idea to become a
full-blown business? Certainly it’s flattering when you realize there’s
a market value for something you were doing anyway, but that doesn’t
always mean you should launch a business. A lot of accidental businesses
form around fads or seasonal items, and may not be robust enough to
function as year-round, money-making, enterprises.
Next you will
need to carefully examine what actually goes into your offering. How
many hours does it take to create those one-of-a-kind bracelets? How
much does it cost to bake a dozen of your special recipe cookies? How
much research goes into “whipping up” a website? Making tangible goods
requires space. Do you have room to grow enough squash to actually
generate profits? Are these numbers you could sustain beyond the
occasional personal or family use of your product or service?
The
business planning process can be very helpful to “accidental
entrepreneurs” as it allows you to decide which ideas are best left as
hobbies and which ones could provide some real cash flow.
The “Back of a Napkin” Plan:
It
is the source of entrepreneurial legend and lore, the million-dollar
idea that was hurriedly scribbled on a bar napkin. Yet, for most
potential business owners this option for business planning remains a
fantasy. However, like any myth there is a tiny grain of truth inside. A
quickie business outline can work as a launch plan under the right
circumstances.
If you need to get going quickly to ride the wave
of a fad before it fizzles, then fast, bare-bones planning may be all
you’ve got time to execute. This works best when you’ve already got the
infrastructure in place, perhaps from previous projects or an
established business, and you can simply shift energy and resources to
the new idea.
When you, and your partners if any, have all the
core skills and industry knowledge you need to start right away without
seeking experts, napkin notes may be enough to get going. Let’s say you
are already an expert in technology and social media. Then you, and your
team, probably don’t need a detailed plan to start developing a new
app. You will draw on your knowledge and experience, and you understand
that you might need to go back and do some more detailed and formal
planning later.
Certainly when you reach the point where you are
looking for investors or lenders, you will move beyond those first
casual notes. Until then, drawing upon your expertise can allow you to
quickly jump into the market and perhaps gain a competitive edge by
using a minimalist plan.
The “One Pressing Issue” Plan:
Business
planning does not stop the day you open for business. Under the best of
circumstances you should be revisiting your plan once or twice a year
to see how things are going, and where perhaps you’ve veered away from
your original goals. Remember, changing the direction of a business
isn’t always bad, but it should be intentional.
Then there are the
moments when something seems to be going wrong, when one or more areas
of the business just don’t seem to be working. Cash flow is anemic or
the marketing message is flat. Perhaps customers have shown a marked
interest in only one particular product or service, ignoring all your
other offerings. This means it’s time to revisit your business plan,
more precisely it’s time to revisit the questioning process that helped
you craft your plan.
Look at the assumptions you baked into your
original plan. Did the city follow through on opening that new park
across from your location? Were insurance rates what you expected? How
many hours of accounting or web design help did you really need? Are
your online inquiries out-stripping your face-to-face sales? Or vice
versa?
Sometimes no matter how much you research, plan, or test,
things don’t go as expected in a business. This isn’t necessarily a
herald of failure or a sign that you’re not cut out for
entrepreneurship. Life and the marketplace are both unpredictable, and
plans need to be fluid and responsive. The “One Pressing Issue Plan” is
simply a reflection of a normal evaluation process.
While I still
recommend the business planning process, I caution you to realize that a
beautifully crafted document does not always equal business success.
I’ve worked with many entrepreneurs who successfully launched without a
plan, and some with beautifully written plans that never materialized.
You and your business idea are unique. Your planning process will be
unique as well. Be wary of one-size-fits-all advice or pronouncements
from experts about how you should proceed.